December 22, 2009
Nasdaq Composite Elliott Wave Analysis
The Nasdaq Composite Index (NASCOMP) is presenting a beautiful Elliott Wave count in th daily chart from March and onwards. For reactionary waves I usually prefer to use labels A-B-C instead of the more complex W-X-Y(-X-Z) since I believe that using W-X-Y(-X-W) you can essentially justify any wave pattern, and then the whole idea with doing Elliott Wave analysis is reduced. Nevertheless, presently the pattern unfolding in the Nasdaq Composite is conveniently suitable for a zig-zag A-B-C pattern, and it also gives a strong indication that the we are now experiencing the very final parts of Primary wave 2.
The labelling according to the plot is an A wave from March until 11th of June, whereby a very shallow reactionary wave B was initiated which in turn lasted until 8th of July. From that time, and not entirely finished yet, NASCOMP has traced out an ending diagonal. Wave 1 in the ending diagonal lasted until 23rd of September or a total of 2.5 months. It was followed by wave 2 ending at 2nd of November lasting approximately 1.5 months. Wave 3 ended a month later on the 4th of December and wave 4 lasted 2 weeks ending on the 17th of December. So far wave 5 does not divide into any obvious pattern of threes but I give it another week to finish.
Note that up until now all waves distinctly divide into 3 subwaves, a requirement for the pattern being an ending diagonal. Also, wave 4 just barely overlaps with wave 1, the overlap also being required in an ending diagonal. Finally, the last couple off days exhibit the exact throw-over behaviour that is to be expected by an ending diagonal. An ending diagonals usually quickly retrace the full amount since its beginning, which in this case is from the end of wave (B). According to my TA book ("Technical Analysis - The Complete Resource..." by Kirkpatrick and Dahlquist), the likelihood for a turn downwards after a rising wedge pattern is 82%. That would mean that the new year brings some volatile activity in its initial part. However, the end of Primary wave 2 is completely expected and also fits very well with The Big Picture in which the public have been touted that crisis is over and the effects of the stimulus packages fading away.
The labelling according to the plot is an A wave from March until 11th of June, whereby a very shallow reactionary wave B was initiated which in turn lasted until 8th of July. From that time, and not entirely finished yet, NASCOMP has traced out an ending diagonal. Wave 1 in the ending diagonal lasted until 23rd of September or a total of 2.5 months. It was followed by wave 2 ending at 2nd of November lasting approximately 1.5 months. Wave 3 ended a month later on the 4th of December and wave 4 lasted 2 weeks ending on the 17th of December. So far wave 5 does not divide into any obvious pattern of threes but I give it another week to finish.
Note that up until now all waves distinctly divide into 3 subwaves, a requirement for the pattern being an ending diagonal. Also, wave 4 just barely overlaps with wave 1, the overlap also being required in an ending diagonal. Finally, the last couple off days exhibit the exact throw-over behaviour that is to be expected by an ending diagonal. An ending diagonals usually quickly retrace the full amount since its beginning, which in this case is from the end of wave (B). According to my TA book ("Technical Analysis - The Complete Resource..." by Kirkpatrick and Dahlquist), the likelihood for a turn downwards after a rising wedge pattern is 82%. That would mean that the new year brings some volatile activity in its initial part. However, the end of Primary wave 2 is completely expected and also fits very well with The Big Picture in which the public have been touted that crisis is over and the effects of the stimulus packages fading away.
December 17, 2009
How to enter in a continuously falling market
The two most recent blogs have been discussing the possible turn of the dollar (vs EUR, XAU, XAG etc). At least to my frustration, the force with which the dollar has risen has given little opportunity to going long in the dollar play. From an Elliott Wave perspective there simply is no way of knowing for certain what count that is actually the one. There are two things to do in this environment. In any way, keep cool. Easier said than done but oh so important!
The first option is to enter little by little. No doubt, entering massively is a huge risk considering how far the dollar has moved over this short period of time. By taking a small position you are still in the game even though the risk is minimised without a too narrow stop loss turning the trade into a lottery ticket.
The second option is to wait for a rebound. It will likely come, but considering the looks of the present market it may just as well be a very weak second wave up. In this case I think that it is important not to board the ship too soon, but rather than entering on the top, waiting for confirmation that the next leg down has started. Because it will, and we still have a long way to go.
The third option which is slightly out of context is to focus on another trade. Currencies and precious metals seems to be the leaders for the moment. Base metals such as copper, and the stock indices are still lagging behind in the trend change. However, it is possible that these have not peaked yet by judging from their Elliott Wave patterns. If that is the case they will peak in the not too distant future, my guess is within a month from now.
It is of course possible that the first trade will come at a loss. In that case it is important to be prepared to take an initial loss and limiting it. By doing that it is much easier to keep ones objectiveness or mental state such that ones ability to enter future trades is not affected.
The first option is to enter little by little. No doubt, entering massively is a huge risk considering how far the dollar has moved over this short period of time. By taking a small position you are still in the game even though the risk is minimised without a too narrow stop loss turning the trade into a lottery ticket.
The second option is to wait for a rebound. It will likely come, but considering the looks of the present market it may just as well be a very weak second wave up. In this case I think that it is important not to board the ship too soon, but rather than entering on the top, waiting for confirmation that the next leg down has started. Because it will, and we still have a long way to go.
The third option which is slightly out of context is to focus on another trade. Currencies and precious metals seems to be the leaders for the moment. Base metals such as copper, and the stock indices are still lagging behind in the trend change. However, it is possible that these have not peaked yet by judging from their Elliott Wave patterns. If that is the case they will peak in the not too distant future, my guess is within a month from now.
It is of course possible that the first trade will come at a loss. In that case it is important to be prepared to take an initial loss and limiting it. By doing that it is much easier to keep ones objectiveness or mental state such that ones ability to enter future trades is not affected.
December 10, 2009
EURUSD update
Definitely correlated witht the previous post, in particular 57.6% since that is the weight of the euro in the dollar index. Nevertheless, I just couldn't help myself posting this one since the chart is soooo pretty, I think. At least from an Elliott Wave nerdy perspective. :-)
This is EURUSD from the supposed top on 25th of November. Since then EURUSD has traced down a wave <i> down fairly quickly and a somewhat slower reactionary wave <ii> up. Wave <iii> down contains a defined subwave (iii) followd by a triangle as subwave (iv). Wave <iii> is in turn followed by another triangle wave <iv> and now it seems as if we have just started wave <v> down. Assuming that wave <v> will be 0.384 of wave <i> to <iii> it will extend 1.23% to approximately 1.458 thus completing wave 1. The retrace in wave 2 can be expected to recover anywhere from 38.2% to 61.8%, which would put us at 1.479 to 1.493. Furthermore, a common stopping point for reactions is the 4:th wave for any smaller scale within the previous actionary wave. That makes the two triangles interesting since a likely stop is also within any of these. A more narrow range is then 38.2% to 50% which corresponds to 1.479 to 1.486. This would make an excellent entry point for going short EURUSD.
This is EURUSD from the supposed top on 25th of November. Since then EURUSD has traced down a wave <i> down fairly quickly and a somewhat slower reactionary wave <ii> up. Wave <iii> down contains a defined subwave (iii) followd by a triangle as subwave (iv). Wave <iii> is in turn followed by another triangle wave <iv> and now it seems as if we have just started wave <v> down. Assuming that wave <v> will be 0.384 of wave <i> to <iii> it will extend 1.23% to approximately 1.458 thus completing wave 1. The retrace in wave 2 can be expected to recover anywhere from 38.2% to 61.8%, which would put us at 1.479 to 1.493. Furthermore, a common stopping point for reactions is the 4:th wave for any smaller scale within the previous actionary wave. That makes the two triangles interesting since a likely stop is also within any of these. A more narrow range is then 38.2% to 50% which corresponds to 1.479 to 1.486. This would make an excellent entry point for going short EURUSD.
Dollar update
There seems to be a trend change in the dollar, and it is close to be confirmed by a five waves up count.
Considering the bigger picture above, the dollar has lost essentially all ground it gained during the financial crisis. Now that the crisis is over (yeah right...) along with an increased risk appetite, we are back to where we were at the onset of the crisis in August 2008. well, almost there at least. I believe that the late November bottom will be the bottom for a long time.
On a shorter time-frame, there are good reasons to believe that the bottom is in. A five wave up pattern often is the first confirmation of such a bottom, and now there is one. However, I believe the most recent peak to be part of the wave triangle why most likely a higher high will be reached. Assuming the channel holds and a wave <v> that ends at 1.384 of waves <i> to <iii>, wave 1 should end approximately at 76.70. Assuming then a 50% retrace in wave 2 we will enter wave 3 at around 75.5. Of course these are only assumptions but it gives us a forecast of when would be a good time to go long DX. Since our long term target for DX is above 90, this would mark a risk reward ratio of 12, provided the stop is entered at wave <2> low of 74.21.
Considering the bigger picture above, the dollar has lost essentially all ground it gained during the financial crisis. Now that the crisis is over (yeah right...) along with an increased risk appetite, we are back to where we were at the onset of the crisis in August 2008. well, almost there at least. I believe that the late November bottom will be the bottom for a long time.
On a shorter time-frame, there are good reasons to believe that the bottom is in. A five wave up pattern often is the first confirmation of such a bottom, and now there is one. However, I believe the most recent peak to be part of the wave
December 04, 2009
Winds of change?
The US unemployment report today caused a very interesting divergence in the markets. Apparently the stock market is cheering the fact that unemployment in the US is down from 10.2% to 10% mostly, I would guess, because people's unemployment insurances are terminated and hence they are no longer considered part of the work-force. However, this report resluted in a very interesting divergence in the markets. During the whole bear market rally from March and until now (at least) the EURUSD and the S&P 500 has moved in tandem, se figure below where I plot S&P 500 in green and EURUSD in red.
Is that about to change? Possibly not, but it could mark a change in the direction of both the S&P 500 and the EUR. The reason for that is that a stronger USD will halt the carry trade that has been feeding large parts of the bear market. From an Elliott perspective it makes perfect sense that the large bear market rally climaxes on unexpectedly good news and then starts to fall. In this case it would bean that Primary Wave 3 down is starting. Prepare for the worst.
Is that about to change? Possibly not, but it could mark a change in the direction of both the S&P 500 and the EUR. The reason for that is that a stronger USD will halt the carry trade that has been feeding large parts of the bear market. From an Elliott perspective it makes perfect sense that the large bear market rally climaxes on unexpectedly good news and then starts to fall. In this case it would bean that Primary Wave 3 down is starting. Prepare for the worst.
December 03, 2009
Amazing Amazon and Investors' Intelligence
Amazon (AMZN) has a very bright future judging from its ballistic stock price advance during the last four days of trading. Considering the last two months the evolution is even more ridiculous with a soaring stock price by 61%. Accoriding to Yahoo Finance Amazon has a Market Cap of US$ 61.59 Billions and is trading at a P/E ratio of 83.87. What does Amazon do to deserve such a valuation? It is a market place where you can buy and sell stuff, predominantly books. Without further analysis I will claim that Amazon's valuation and its operations are completely disconnected.
Instead I believe that Amazon is hyped, and heavily so. However, considering the technical pattern of the last couple of days, its rise may be close to an end. The only inconvenience in that suggestion is that it may continue up for some time before it plunges. On the other hand, the fall is likely to be the harder, the further up it goes. The ballistic Amazon represents 2.5% of the Nasdaq-100 index whereas Apple (AAPL), another hyped stock, represents 15%.
So what has this to do with Investors Intelligence? Quite a lot I would suggest, because the answer to Amazing Amazon's soaring journey lies in investors intelligence sentiment as presented below.
Instead I believe that Amazon is hyped, and heavily so. However, considering the technical pattern of the last couple of days, its rise may be close to an end. The only inconvenience in that suggestion is that it may continue up for some time before it plunges. On the other hand, the fall is likely to be the harder, the further up it goes. The ballistic Amazon represents 2.5% of the Nasdaq-100 index whereas Apple (AAPL), another hyped stock, represents 15%.
So what has this to do with Investors Intelligence? Quite a lot I would suggest, because the answer to Amazing Amazon's soaring journey lies in investors intelligence sentiment as presented below.
At present stock market bulls represents more than 50% of the investor collective whereas the bears represents less than 18%. This is a fairly large discrepancy, although nothing prevents it from becoming even larger in the short run. But as that happens the very simple question to answer is "Who will buy when everyone already has bought?" Good old supply and demand theory says that when demand drops the price drops. What goes up must come down and that is also true for something that looks as if it has been fired from a cannon.
November 27, 2009
Gold's role as safety hedge
Gold has been soaring almost uninterrupted for five months now. As has essentially everything else. During that time the worries in the financial sectors have been dominated by imagined inflation due to supposed central bank money printing. Today, when the Dubai World coming default is all over the news, gold has its largest three hour fall for at least a year, down $52. What's wrong with this picture? Actually, nothing is wrong.
I believe that gold is the purest form of money for five reasons:
I also believe that there will come a day when governments will start to monetized debt simply for the reason that it will be the only option that the public will accept since they don't understand its consequences. That will cause hyperinflation in the end, and bundle off paper money to where it belongs - in the waste-paper basket. But we are far from that now so for now we focus on deflation i.e., the destruction of credit.
I believe that gold is the purest form of money for five reasons:
- Gold is durable
- Gold is divisible
- Gold is scarce
- Gold is homogenous
- Gold is convenient
I also believe that there will come a day when governments will start to monetized debt simply for the reason that it will be the only option that the public will accept since they don't understand its consequences. That will cause hyperinflation in the end, and bundle off paper money to where it belongs - in the waste-paper basket. But we are far from that now so for now we focus on deflation i.e., the destruction of credit.
November 26, 2009
A count for a possible Dollar Index bottom
This is my count for calling a bottom in the Dollar Index today. Note that it is updated compared to previous postings. Essentially, the new count implies a 5th wave ending diagonal starting in July.
Since an ending diagonal subdivides in threes instead of fives this count can be considered as complete also on a higher resolution.
Nonscientific rationale for today's drop
It is well known that major trend changes in the market sometimes occurs at the release of major news items. An Ending Diagonal in Elliott Wave analysis is a typical pattern resulting from that and represents a final crescendo or blow off in the markets. However, I have also noticed that major events in the markets tend to occur on major holidays. Today could be such an event due to the US Thanksgiving weekend. Somehow I don't think it is all a coincidence but rather the markets way of inflicting maximum pain to its participants. After all, when is a better time to solidly reverse course but when 1/3 of the investors are unable to react? Just a thought...
AUDUSD leads the way
The currency play is key to the markets future behaviour. Among all the currencies six are included in the Dollar Index, the Euro, Yen, Pound, Australian and Canadian Dollars and the Swedish Krona. Among these the most profitable carry trade is between the AUD and the USD meaning that you borrow in USD and buy bonds in the AUD. The reason is simply that the Australian bonds are paying the highest interest with a Reserve Bank of Australia cash interest rate of 3.5% contrary to the US federal funds rates of 0-0.25%. Leveraging your investment by 10 means that you have a nice little profit of >30% annually, discounting any exchange rate changes.
Being the most profitable carry trade also means that it is the leading trade, since this is where the worst distortion has taken place. Hence, this is also the pair that is most sensitive to any corrections and the trade where no-one wants to be left behind when it's time to get out. The plot below presents the AUDUSD pair (red) together with the EURUSD pair (green). Axes are referred to EURUSD valuation. AUDUSD has traced down a fine five waves down three waves correction pattern since it peaked on November 16th. The EURUSD is following in the AUDUSD's lead and quite likely, peaked today. If this is the case it means that stock market peaks as presented in a previous post will hold since a large degree of the stock market rally also stems from cheap borrowing of USDs.
Being the most profitable carry trade also means that it is the leading trade, since this is where the worst distortion has taken place. Hence, this is also the pair that is most sensitive to any corrections and the trade where no-one wants to be left behind when it's time to get out. The plot below presents the AUDUSD pair (red) together with the EURUSD pair (green). Axes are referred to EURUSD valuation. AUDUSD has traced down a fine five waves down three waves correction pattern since it peaked on November 16th. The EURUSD is following in the AUDUSD's lead and quite likely, peaked today. If this is the case it means that stock market peaks as presented in a previous post will hold since a large degree of the stock market rally also stems from cheap borrowing of USDs.
November 24, 2009
Four peak indications
There are a few fundamental signs that a top may be in, or will be in the near future:
1) Yesterday DJIA made a new 13 month high. But the wider S&P 500 or the Nasdaq Composites did not follow, and neither did several of the secondary indices. Here follows a list of a few of the indices that I follow and their respective post March peak dates.
Index Peak Date
DJIA 23/11
Nasdaq Comp 16/11
S&P 500 16/11
DJ Euro Stoxx 50 20/10
S&P Mid Cap 400 20/10
DJ Euro Stoxx Bank Index 15/10
KBW Bank Index 14/10
DJ Transportation Index 17/9
All in all this does not paint the picture of a healthy market but rather a very fragile state where everything apart from the largest, most solid companies have started to fall back. Put another way, riskier assets are being replaced by safer ones, and a continued risk appetite is vital for the continued well being of the rally.
2) Relative Strength Index (RSI) of the main indices have failed to show the strength that is desirable for a continued rally, see plot below for DJIA RSI. The subsequent RSI peaks from early August and onwards all show less strength than the previous one, implying again a reduced strength during rally periods as presented by the blue line in the RSI plot.
3) Volumes are reduced significantly over the last couple of days as presented in the plot above for DJIA. Decreased volumes (red line in the volume plot) shows lack of comittment from the stock market with respect to the peak valuation that is present.
4) The CBOE Put/Call ratio is down to 0.66, i.e., for every 2 put (sell) options being issued, 3 call (buy) options are issued as well. This is a typical behaviour found at stock market peaks.
None of these four items prove that the peak in the markets is in for now, but combined they present a strong case. If it has not already occurred, then most likely it will in the near future.
1) Yesterday DJIA made a new 13 month high. But the wider S&P 500 or the Nasdaq Composites did not follow, and neither did several of the secondary indices. Here follows a list of a few of the indices that I follow and their respective post March peak dates.
Index Peak Date
DJIA 23/11
Nasdaq Comp 16/11
S&P 500 16/11
DJ Euro Stoxx 50 20/10
S&P Mid Cap 400 20/10
DJ Euro Stoxx Bank Index 15/10
KBW Bank Index 14/10
DJ Transportation Index 17/9
All in all this does not paint the picture of a healthy market but rather a very fragile state where everything apart from the largest, most solid companies have started to fall back. Put another way, riskier assets are being replaced by safer ones, and a continued risk appetite is vital for the continued well being of the rally.
2) Relative Strength Index (RSI) of the main indices have failed to show the strength that is desirable for a continued rally, see plot below for DJIA RSI. The subsequent RSI peaks from early August and onwards all show less strength than the previous one, implying again a reduced strength during rally periods as presented by the blue line in the RSI plot.
3) Volumes are reduced significantly over the last couple of days as presented in the plot above for DJIA. Decreased volumes (red line in the volume plot) shows lack of comittment from the stock market with respect to the peak valuation that is present.
4) The CBOE Put/Call ratio is down to 0.66, i.e., for every 2 put (sell) options being issued, 3 call (buy) options are issued as well. This is a typical behaviour found at stock market peaks.
None of these four items prove that the peak in the markets is in for now, but combined they present a strong case. If it has not already occurred, then most likely it will in the near future.
November 18, 2009
11 punkter om världsekonomin (in Swedish)
Jag har försökt att sammanfatta hur jag ser på händelseförloppet i världsekonomin, vad som har hänt och vad som komma skall. Framtiden får utvisa om det är mellan tummen och pekfingret rätt eller rent åt pepparn!
1) I grund och botten är det ett banksystem som är inbyggt korrupt och instabilt. Det kallas för Fractional Reserve Banking och innebär att banker kan trycka pengar själva eftersom de inte behöver ha full säkerhet på sina åtaganden. Sedlar och mynt utgör därför bara ca 10% av alla pengar som finns i omlopp, resten är skulder eller krediter som bankerna ställer ut med insatta pengar som säkerhet.
2) Under de senaste 10 åren (minst) har lånekostnaden varit lika med noll pga centralbankernas räntepolitik efter dotcom-bubblan. Samtidigt så har vissa regeringar eller banker i Europa underlättat för medborgare att förköpa sig med lånade pengar. Det handlar om rejält kapitalintensiva prylar som hus och bilar. Man kan likna det vid att man tidigarelägger framtida konsumtion till idag, eller att man lånar från framtiden.
3) Nu är framtiden här och folk kan inte betala sina lån. Självklart kan man inte fortsätta att långa från framtiden om man inte kan betala det man redan har lånat. Således så går konsumtionen ner och företag står med outnyttjade resurser. Banker som har fattat dåliga beslut om vem man lånar ut till, och som borde tillåtas gå i konkurs, räddas med statliga och lånade pengar. Effekten blir att även bra banker får det svårare. Inte bara finns det fler banker, några av dem är dessutom statligt kontrollerade och att konkurrera med staten är oftast en dålig idé.
4) När folk eller företag inte kan betala sina lån så drabbas bankernas balansräkning. Har banken dessutom en hävstång på 10 ggr vilket är tillåtet så innebär det att marginalerna är väldigt små när det gäller förfallna lån jämfört med bankernas totala balansräkning. Inte nog med att bankerna blir konkursmässiga, effekten blir också att mängden pengar minskar, då banker tvingas att minska utlåningen när deras balansräkning minskar.
5) Staterna ökar på sina skulder på ett sätt som saknar motstycke i historien. USA passerade just 12 biljoner dollar. (På svenska heter det biljoner och på engelska trillions.) Frågan som alla vill ha svar på är hur länge det kan fortsätta och vad som händer sedan. Allt annat lika så innebär en ökad skuldbörda en större risk för betalningsinställelse och därmed högre räntor. Å andra sidan betraktas fortfarande statsskulder som en säker tillflyktsort i tider av oro.
6) Stater har även ökat på skuldbördan genom olika stimulanspaket. Det kan man inte hålla på med i all evighet och när effekterna av stimulanserna avtar så rasar den globala ekonomin igen. För hur troligt är det att en ekonomi med hög arbetslöshet klarar av att växa när inte ens en ekonomi med låg arbetslöshet klarade det?
7) Kortsiktigt så kommer därför statsobligationer att kunna öka i värde när ekonomin börjar falla igen precis som de tjänade som tillflyktort för riskaverta placerare under vintern 2008/2009.
8) Långsiktigt så är det troliga utfallet att många stater kommer att köra sina ekonomier i botten så till den grad att förtroendet för deras skulder försvinner eller åtminstone kommer att kräva en större riskpremie än vad som nu är fallet. Detta är vad Keynes förespråkar att man ska göra för att komma ur en kris som denna och det är vad Japan har gjort under drygt 20 år utan att lyckas. Det är omöjligt att ta sig ur en lånebubbla genom att ta mer lån. Det är självklart för de flesta privatpersoner när det handlar om deras egen ekonomi men så svårt för ekonomer att förstå när det rör sig om staters ekonomi.
9) Frågan är var det är värst ställt eller var det först brakar ihop. USA är illa, Storbritannien likaså, men Japan tar nog priset. En liten förvarning om att så är fallet kan vara att kostnaden för CDSer på japanska 5-årsobligationer efter valet har ökat från 35 till 63 punkter, nästan 3 ggr dyrare än motsvarande för Frankrike, Tyskland och USA vilka alla ligger på 21-22 punkter. Den japanska statsskulden har tillåtits att öka till obefintliga kostnader på grund av ett stort inhemskt sparande. Detta sparande är dock på upphällningen eftersom den sparande arbetande generationen från efterkrigstiden snart går i pension och därmed slutar att spara. På grund av låg nativitet så finns det ingen som kan ta över den generationens sparande, varpå räntorna kommer att stiga från dagens extremt låga nivåer. För ett land som har en statskuld på 218% av BNP 2009 (och som beräknas vara 246% 2014) innebär det med stor sannolikhet att Japan kommer att ställa in betalningarna på sina lån någon gång i framtiden. Dock, som alltid, så är det timingen som är det svåra.
10) De som påstår att ovanstående kan stater lätt undvika genom att trycka pengar och därigenom monetärisera sina skulder bortser ifrån en del faktorer. Till exempel är obligationsmarknaden ca 25 gången större än den samlade penningmängden. Att börja trycka pengar i allför stor omfattning (vilket krävs för att kunna påverka systemet) innebär att värdet på obligationerna kommer att rasa i botten. Eftersom obligationer inte är något annat än en skuld, ofta till en bank, så innebär ökande räntor eller sjunkande obligationspriser minskade balansräkningar och således minskad kreditgivning vilket med ett annat ord är deflation.
11) Ovanstående resonemang besvarar därmed också frågan om deflation eller inflation är den stora risken i dagens ekonomi. Vi har deflation via kreditåtstramningar och paradoxalt nog om vi försöker att trycka pengar så blir det mer deflation!
1) I grund och botten är det ett banksystem som är inbyggt korrupt och instabilt. Det kallas för Fractional Reserve Banking och innebär att banker kan trycka pengar själva eftersom de inte behöver ha full säkerhet på sina åtaganden. Sedlar och mynt utgör därför bara ca 10% av alla pengar som finns i omlopp, resten är skulder eller krediter som bankerna ställer ut med insatta pengar som säkerhet.
2) Under de senaste 10 åren (minst) har lånekostnaden varit lika med noll pga centralbankernas räntepolitik efter dotcom-bubblan. Samtidigt så har vissa regeringar eller banker i Europa underlättat för medborgare att förköpa sig med lånade pengar. Det handlar om rejält kapitalintensiva prylar som hus och bilar. Man kan likna det vid att man tidigarelägger framtida konsumtion till idag, eller att man lånar från framtiden.
3) Nu är framtiden här och folk kan inte betala sina lån. Självklart kan man inte fortsätta att långa från framtiden om man inte kan betala det man redan har lånat. Således så går konsumtionen ner och företag står med outnyttjade resurser. Banker som har fattat dåliga beslut om vem man lånar ut till, och som borde tillåtas gå i konkurs, räddas med statliga och lånade pengar. Effekten blir att även bra banker får det svårare. Inte bara finns det fler banker, några av dem är dessutom statligt kontrollerade och att konkurrera med staten är oftast en dålig idé.
4) När folk eller företag inte kan betala sina lån så drabbas bankernas balansräkning. Har banken dessutom en hävstång på 10 ggr vilket är tillåtet så innebär det att marginalerna är väldigt små när det gäller förfallna lån jämfört med bankernas totala balansräkning. Inte nog med att bankerna blir konkursmässiga, effekten blir också att mängden pengar minskar, då banker tvingas att minska utlåningen när deras balansräkning minskar.
5) Staterna ökar på sina skulder på ett sätt som saknar motstycke i historien. USA passerade just 12 biljoner dollar. (På svenska heter det biljoner och på engelska trillions.) Frågan som alla vill ha svar på är hur länge det kan fortsätta och vad som händer sedan. Allt annat lika så innebär en ökad skuldbörda en större risk för betalningsinställelse och därmed högre räntor. Å andra sidan betraktas fortfarande statsskulder som en säker tillflyktsort i tider av oro.
6) Stater har även ökat på skuldbördan genom olika stimulanspaket. Det kan man inte hålla på med i all evighet och när effekterna av stimulanserna avtar så rasar den globala ekonomin igen. För hur troligt är det att en ekonomi med hög arbetslöshet klarar av att växa när inte ens en ekonomi med låg arbetslöshet klarade det?
7) Kortsiktigt så kommer därför statsobligationer att kunna öka i värde när ekonomin börjar falla igen precis som de tjänade som tillflyktort för riskaverta placerare under vintern 2008/2009.
8) Långsiktigt så är det troliga utfallet att många stater kommer att köra sina ekonomier i botten så till den grad att förtroendet för deras skulder försvinner eller åtminstone kommer att kräva en större riskpremie än vad som nu är fallet. Detta är vad Keynes förespråkar att man ska göra för att komma ur en kris som denna och det är vad Japan har gjort under drygt 20 år utan att lyckas. Det är omöjligt att ta sig ur en lånebubbla genom att ta mer lån. Det är självklart för de flesta privatpersoner när det handlar om deras egen ekonomi men så svårt för ekonomer att förstå när det rör sig om staters ekonomi.
9) Frågan är var det är värst ställt eller var det först brakar ihop. USA är illa, Storbritannien likaså, men Japan tar nog priset. En liten förvarning om att så är fallet kan vara att kostnaden för CDSer på japanska 5-årsobligationer efter valet har ökat från 35 till 63 punkter, nästan 3 ggr dyrare än motsvarande för Frankrike, Tyskland och USA vilka alla ligger på 21-22 punkter. Den japanska statsskulden har tillåtits att öka till obefintliga kostnader på grund av ett stort inhemskt sparande. Detta sparande är dock på upphällningen eftersom den sparande arbetande generationen från efterkrigstiden snart går i pension och därmed slutar att spara. På grund av låg nativitet så finns det ingen som kan ta över den generationens sparande, varpå räntorna kommer att stiga från dagens extremt låga nivåer. För ett land som har en statskuld på 218% av BNP 2009 (och som beräknas vara 246% 2014) innebär det med stor sannolikhet att Japan kommer att ställa in betalningarna på sina lån någon gång i framtiden. Dock, som alltid, så är det timingen som är det svåra.
10) De som påstår att ovanstående kan stater lätt undvika genom att trycka pengar och därigenom monetärisera sina skulder bortser ifrån en del faktorer. Till exempel är obligationsmarknaden ca 25 gången större än den samlade penningmängden. Att börja trycka pengar i allför stor omfattning (vilket krävs för att kunna påverka systemet) innebär att värdet på obligationerna kommer att rasa i botten. Eftersom obligationer inte är något annat än en skuld, ofta till en bank, så innebär ökande räntor eller sjunkande obligationspriser minskade balansräkningar och således minskad kreditgivning vilket med ett annat ord är deflation.
11) Ovanstående resonemang besvarar därmed också frågan om deflation eller inflation är den stora risken i dagens ekonomi. Vi har deflation via kreditåtstramningar och paradoxalt nog om vi försöker att trycka pengar så blir det mer deflation!
November 17, 2009
Dollar Index Channeling
In Elliott Wave analysis channeling is an important concept since it helps the analyst in defining trend changes or reversals. I have used channeling to describe the situation in the dollar index as presented below.
The dollar index has moved in a channel since its peak in March 2009. This channel is presented with blue lines in the plot. Elliott Wave analysis often allows for a trend to be contained within a channel, the slope of which is defined by the tangent touching waves 1 and 3, and the width defined by a parallel line through wave 2. A change in the trend is first indicated by a solid break of this channel something that may be near at hand.
In addition, from early June, another channel, presented by red lines, has formed in wave 5, and is defined by sub-waves <i>, <ii> and <iii>. Also this channel will eventually be broken when a change in trend occurs. However, wave 5 may be even more tightly defined in that it also is an ending diagonal defined by the lower red line and the yellow line.
The count presented in the plot assumes that wave 5 and hence wave (C) and wave <2> has ended. Elliott Wave analysis is an iterative process and quite possibly wave 5 is not finished yet. This is where channeling comes into place, since a strong indicator that wave 5 really is finished is the breaking of the channels as described above, or a blow-off which is quite often the finale of an ending diagonal.
The dollar index has moved in a channel since its peak in March 2009. This channel is presented with blue lines in the plot. Elliott Wave analysis often allows for a trend to be contained within a channel, the slope of which is defined by the tangent touching waves 1 and 3, and the width defined by a parallel line through wave 2. A change in the trend is first indicated by a solid break of this channel something that may be near at hand.
In addition, from early June, another channel, presented by red lines, has formed in wave 5, and is defined by sub-waves <i>, <ii> and <iii>. Also this channel will eventually be broken when a change in trend occurs. However, wave 5 may be even more tightly defined in that it also is an ending diagonal defined by the lower red line and the yellow line.
The count presented in the plot assumes that wave 5 and hence wave (C) and wave <2> has ended. Elliott Wave analysis is an iterative process and quite possibly wave 5 is not finished yet. This is where channeling comes into place, since a strong indicator that wave 5 really is finished is the breaking of the channels as described above, or a blow-off which is quite often the finale of an ending diagonal.
November 13, 2009
Gold update
Last week I predicted that the peak in gold would be near. Today I claim that gold peaked at 1122.78 in the forex cash price. The reason for that is the pattern that has followed the peak, in particular the attempt to retake the all time high. In the chart above I have annotated the Elliott count from the peak until now. It is clear that it is possible to count the fall from the peak as five waves down. and from the last bottom it is also possible to count an A-B-C correction. In the correction the (b) wave is found to be a triangle and that is important, since triangles always appear in the wave before the final wave within the wave of the higher scale. Elliott often allows for varying interpretations, but this time the interpretation is quite clear since the (b) wave is a triangle, and as such is followed by a (c) wave. Hence, the most recent rise must be a three wave rise which means a corrective wave in a larger down-trending pattern. I also have added the Fibonacci relation between the top and bottom, and there it is evident that gold has risen almost to the 76.4% retracement level. Nothing is by all means certain, but at this level it is possible to short gold with a limited risk by adding a stop loss at either slightly above Fibonacci 76.4% or, preferably, above the previous peak at 1122.78. The risk in this trade is approximately $7 (present prise is 1115.75) to be compared to the reward in our long term target in gold at below $680, a risk reward ratio of roughly 63!
November 08, 2009
The Psychology of Elliott Waves
The fundamental concept of Elliott Wave analysis is that within a trend there is always a countertrend. R.N. Elliott noticed that stocks often moved in actionary waves along the trend and reactionary waves against the trend. Actionary waves are divided into five sub-waves (1-2-3-4-5) and reactionary waves into three sub-waves (A-B-C). I will try to explain why the five and three waves, respectively, are reasonable from a psychological point of view.
Every trend starts with the end of another trend, the previous one moving in the opposite direction. Maybe not all, but let's assume that is the case. In that case, at the beginning of wave 1, the vast majority is convinced that the previous trend is still valid and although prices moves against the trend the psychological state of the majority assumes that it will resume shortly. For that reason few people if any believes in wave 1 and are not eager to invest accordingly. Consequently, wave 1 is not an aggressive wave. Wave 2 will act as confirmation that the psychological state of the vast majority, that the previous trend is in fact still intact. For that reason wave 2 will retrace most of wave 1, and psychological sentiment returns to the state which dominated at the end of the previous trend. Wave 3 is when most people change their psychological state and realizes that in fact there is a change in trend. For that reason wave 3 is most often the most aggressive wave, in which the largest part of the movement occurs. Wave 4 usually moves sideways (contrary to wave 2) and can be interpreted as instruments need a break after a very intensive price move, before prices resume their movement. It also forebodes the eventual end of the trend although the psychological state remains at a large level. Wave 5 acts as confirmation of the trend and now even the last few skeptical people change their psychological state to align with the majority. At the end of wave 5 the result is again a homogenous investor collective that is totally and utterly convinced that prices only can go one way, and naturally invested accordingly. In other words, there are no investors left to follow and feed the trend. That's when prices start to reverse.
Correspondingly, one can make the same interpretation for the reactionary waves. Wave A is seen as a temporary correction in the main trend, and is consequently usually weak, and psychological sentiment remains unchanged. Wave B is seen as a confirmation that the actionary trend of one higher degree is in fact intact but prices fail to confirm that is the case since most often wave B does not recover all of wave A. Wave C is similar to wave 3 and its purpose is similar, to change the psychological sentiment. At the end of the reaction, weakened psychological sentiment is again allowing for prices to resume in the direction of the trend.
Every trend starts with the end of another trend, the previous one moving in the opposite direction. Maybe not all, but let's assume that is the case. In that case, at the beginning of wave 1, the vast majority is convinced that the previous trend is still valid and although prices moves against the trend the psychological state of the majority assumes that it will resume shortly. For that reason few people if any believes in wave 1 and are not eager to invest accordingly. Consequently, wave 1 is not an aggressive wave. Wave 2 will act as confirmation that the psychological state of the vast majority, that the previous trend is in fact still intact. For that reason wave 2 will retrace most of wave 1, and psychological sentiment returns to the state which dominated at the end of the previous trend. Wave 3 is when most people change their psychological state and realizes that in fact there is a change in trend. For that reason wave 3 is most often the most aggressive wave, in which the largest part of the movement occurs. Wave 4 usually moves sideways (contrary to wave 2) and can be interpreted as instruments need a break after a very intensive price move, before prices resume their movement. It also forebodes the eventual end of the trend although the psychological state remains at a large level. Wave 5 acts as confirmation of the trend and now even the last few skeptical people change their psychological state to align with the majority. At the end of wave 5 the result is again a homogenous investor collective that is totally and utterly convinced that prices only can go one way, and naturally invested accordingly. In other words, there are no investors left to follow and feed the trend. That's when prices start to reverse.
Correspondingly, one can make the same interpretation for the reactionary waves. Wave A is seen as a temporary correction in the main trend, and is consequently usually weak, and psychological sentiment remains unchanged. Wave B is seen as a confirmation that the actionary trend of one higher degree is in fact intact but prices fail to confirm that is the case since most often wave B does not recover all of wave A. Wave C is similar to wave 3 and its purpose is similar, to change the psychological sentiment. At the end of the reaction, weakened psychological sentiment is again allowing for prices to resume in the direction of the trend.
November 03, 2009
Gold may have peaked, or will peak below 1127
From the peak a year and a half ago, Gold's progress has been indecisive to say the least. In the last couple of weeks gold has made new highs which have awoken some gold bulls. However, no trend (or luck) lasts forever and Gold is likely running out of gas. Below I have a plot of Gold together with its most likely Elliott Wave count.
One rule of Elliott Wave analysis states that the 3rd wave in a motive wave (a movement in the trend direction) may never be the shortest. As it stands right now, Gold is making a new high in a fifth wave, but what is more important, wave 3 is shorter than wave 1. Consequently, in order for the Elliott rule to hold, wave 5 must be shorter than wave 3 which means that wave 5 must finish lower than 1127. The only catch with the above is that is is calculated on a logarithmic scale. For a linear scale wave 3 is actually slightly larger than wave 1 and hence no accurate upper bound can be found with the above Elliott rule.
However, considering the smaller scales in the 1 hour resolution it is evident that Gold may in fact already have topped! Wave 5 plays out as an Ending Diagonal Elliott Wave pattern where wave presents a real blow off! The implications from the Ending Diagonal (if that pattern is in fact correct) on the price of Gold is that we can expect a swift reverse in trend, most likely at least to the beginning of the Ending Diagonal which is at the end of wave 4 at 1026.10, but possibly lower. Considering that it would be an end of a much larger wave too the long term target for Gold is < 700. Also for this forecast there is a catch, and that is that Ending Diagonals are extremely rare patterns and usually each wave divides in threes. This is not entirely true in the plot above why the prudent investor awaits the price to cross the lower diagonal line before taking a position.
One rule of Elliott Wave analysis states that the 3rd wave in a motive wave (a movement in the trend direction) may never be the shortest. As it stands right now, Gold is making a new high in a fifth wave, but what is more important, wave 3 is shorter than wave 1. Consequently, in order for the Elliott rule to hold, wave 5 must be shorter than wave 3 which means that wave 5 must finish lower than 1127. The only catch with the above is that is is calculated on a logarithmic scale. For a linear scale wave 3 is actually slightly larger than wave 1 and hence no accurate upper bound can be found with the above Elliott rule.
However, considering the smaller scales in the 1 hour resolution it is evident that Gold may in fact already have topped! Wave 5 plays out as an Ending Diagonal Elliott Wave pattern where wave
November 02, 2009
Dollar Index Short Term Perspective
According to Elliott Wave Analysis there are two possible outcomes in the short term. Both of them imply higher prices to come eventually, one implies that the rise has already started whereas the other implies that an excellent buying opportunity could arise in the coming days.
The dollar bottom for at least a few months, most likely a year, occurred at 75.08 on the 21st of October. From that period the dollar has risen in a five wave fashion in wave to 76.74 on the 29th of October as shown in the plot. From the peak, a retraction has occurred and the question is whether the retraction is finished, in which case we could expect a forceful rally in wave, or not. My primary alternative shows the retractionary wave as being finished whereas my alternative count shows wave to end somewhere around the Fibonacci 61.8% retracement of wave which is located at 75.71. The pivot stands at 76.08 below which my primary count would be invalidated to the advantage of my alternative count.
The dollar bottom for at least a few months, most likely a year, occurred at 75.08 on the 21st of October. From that period the dollar has risen in a five wave fashion in wave to 76.74 on the 29th of October as shown in the plot. From the peak, a retraction has occurred and the question is whether the retraction is finished, in which case we could expect a forceful rally in wave
October 28, 2009
The Dollar Index
I have previously written about the dollar index as the one parameter holding the fate of most markets. The reason is that the dollar is the currency with the lowest financing costs and as such it is acting as the world's primary carry trade source. During the last half year the dollar's fall has been announced so firmly that it now is taken for truth. In the long term it may be the case, but in the shorter perspective I believe that the dollar has one last moment in the spotlights before its fall, due to the great carry trade Ponzi scheme. Since the market is certain of the dollars demise, and the low cost of borrowing dollars, huge amounts of dollars have been changed to EUR, GBP, SEK, CAD, AUD etc and invested in bonds, stocks and commodities. The result is that we have an all the same market where only the dollar falls and everything else rise. As long as the dollar fell this all worked fine and was fueled by even more carry trading. However, such an environment is extremely sensitive for set-backs, and I believe that we will have one now. The reverse may be rapid since the dual leverage in terms of both currency and investment appreciation that were working to the investors advantage previously now is reversed.
Above is the fundamental analysis of why the dollar should appreciate. I use Elliott Wave analysis for timing. In the above chart I show the Dollar Index for October. The yellow wedge is one of the most accurate patterns indicating a turn, and I only show one in the smallest time frame - there are several wedges all on different time frames. The strong change in direction indicates the change in trend, supported by the Elliott count. The count implies that we will have a Minute wave 1 finished anytime soon. This will be followed by a retraction to the 75.67-76.13 level which will serve as an excellent entry point for anyone interested in going long the dollar.
Above is the fundamental analysis of why the dollar should appreciate. I use Elliott Wave analysis for timing. In the above chart I show the Dollar Index for October. The yellow wedge is one of the most accurate patterns indicating a turn, and I only show one in the smallest time frame - there are several wedges all on different time frames. The strong change in direction indicates the change in trend, supported by the Elliott count. The count implies that we will have a Minute wave 1 finished anytime soon. This will be followed by a retraction to the 75.67-76.13 level which will serve as an excellent entry point for anyone interested in going long the dollar.
October 23, 2009
Fundamental analysis of the rally
I have tried to gather my points as to why the present rally is not sustainable. I chose not to be specific about what rally I refer to for the simple reason that we are dealing with an all the same market, possibly with the exception for gold and silver. In other words, what goes for stocks also goes for commodities and most currencies in relation to the US dollar. Knowing the facts is particularly important since the opinion that the crisis is over is nowadays used as a circular evidence for the crisis being over.
The Baltic Dry Index representing shipping freight rates is still slumping, see figure (courtesy of Bloomberg). With respect to this there are several images floating around the internet illustrating the shipping problems.
The banking industry is still bankrupt. The main reason why the banks have recovered is that they have stopped using mark to market accounting rules and have rid some of their toxic debt at central banks. For example, EU banks have an exposure to Eastern Europe of staggering US$ 1.6 trillions. In many aspects European banks are far worse off than their US counterparts, since European banks in addition also have a substantial exposure to the US housing market.
A fair amount of the GDP growth that has been reported over the last couple of months is government inflicted. As such it can be considered nothing else than borrowing from the future. In terms of car and housing purchases it will become all too obvious in the very near future.
Unemployment rates are still rising, and the rates will most likely not start to fall for another year or even more. Since fewer people have a job and those who have a job realize the likelihood of keeping it is reduced even people with a job are less inclined to spend what they earn. This is actually a good thing since the heart of the matter is a credit bubble and the only way to solve the problems is for people to start spending less and saving more. Frugality is the new normal.
China has been presented as the savior of the world. This week China reported a GDP growth of 9% which is taken as proof of the strong Chines economy. The only problem is that the Chinese central bank is printing money at an annual rate of 25%! In that perspective a 9% GDP growth is sub-par.
PE ratios are at their extremes. For S&P 500 the PE ratio is at 28 for operative earnings and 140 on reported earnings after write-offs! For the Swedish Large Caps the operative PE for 2009 is 22 and for 2010 it is 26.
All in all, disregarding any technical analysis, to me this indicates that the risk in the stock market is significantly higher than the possible rewards of being long. Can the current trend continue? Yes. Can it continue for long? I highly doubt it.
The Baltic Dry Index representing shipping freight rates is still slumping, see figure (courtesy of Bloomberg). With respect to this there are several images floating around the internet illustrating the shipping problems.
The banking industry is still bankrupt. The main reason why the banks have recovered is that they have stopped using mark to market accounting rules and have rid some of their toxic debt at central banks. For example, EU banks have an exposure to Eastern Europe of staggering US$ 1.6 trillions. In many aspects European banks are far worse off than their US counterparts, since European banks in addition also have a substantial exposure to the US housing market.
A fair amount of the GDP growth that has been reported over the last couple of months is government inflicted. As such it can be considered nothing else than borrowing from the future. In terms of car and housing purchases it will become all too obvious in the very near future.
Unemployment rates are still rising, and the rates will most likely not start to fall for another year or even more. Since fewer people have a job and those who have a job realize the likelihood of keeping it is reduced even people with a job are less inclined to spend what they earn. This is actually a good thing since the heart of the matter is a credit bubble and the only way to solve the problems is for people to start spending less and saving more. Frugality is the new normal.
China has been presented as the savior of the world. This week China reported a GDP growth of 9% which is taken as proof of the strong Chines economy. The only problem is that the Chinese central bank is printing money at an annual rate of 25%! In that perspective a 9% GDP growth is sub-par.
PE ratios are at their extremes. For S&P 500 the PE ratio is at 28 for operative earnings and 140 on reported earnings after write-offs! For the Swedish Large Caps the operative PE for 2009 is 22 and for 2010 it is 26.
All in all, disregarding any technical analysis, to me this indicates that the risk in the stock market is significantly higher than the possible rewards of being long. Can the current trend continue? Yes. Can it continue for long? I highly doubt it.
October 16, 2009
Dollar Index
The Elliott analysis in the above plots shows that both on a long and short term the count is at a probable low. Today it has reached above its bottom from September 23, invalidating several alternative counts. Furthermore, yesterday's activity didn't manage to fall below its previous low implying a change. Combined with a clear three wave pattern down this looks very much like the beginning waves i and ii in a larger trend upwards.
Another reason for a change in decrease of the dollar is that almost no-one is expecting it. Some time ago there was reported 3% dollar bulls, the remainder being bears. With 3% potential buyers and 97% potential sellers, I don't see how the price will be able to continue downwards.
October 12, 2009
Fractional Reserve Banking and Deflation
In order to understand the present credit crisis (that's correct, the crisis is far from over) it is necessary to understand fractional reserve banking. This is a principle that is unknown to most people and is also the root cause of our present problems.
The present banking system (and it works the same way all over the globe) requires banks to keep only a fraction of their clients deposit. The rest of the deposits they are free to lend to others. The Swedish regulatory reserve requirement for banks is 8%, in the US it is 10%. Mathematically, it is possible to show using an infinite geometrical sum that the money supply increases by (1-0.08)/0.08 = 11.5, that is an increase by 11.5 times the original money supply! This is not so much a financial problem as a moral one since it makes money lose its value, and it works quite well as long as people pay their mortgage and credit card debts. But what happens when someone has taken on too much debt and is unable to pay it back? This is money that the bank assumed it had so it is accounted to its full value in the bank's balance sheet. In a bankruptcy the lender must write down some or all of the mortgage. What is worse, since the bank needs to maintain its reserve requirements of 8%, it now has to reduce its outstanding debt by another 11.5 times the failed loan value. The reason for this is that the failed loan of course is taken from the bank's reserves. In other words, a failed loan of 1000 SEK results in a reduced money supply of 1000 SEK + 11 500 SEK = 12 500 SEK. Considering that both consumer and corporate debt has risen for a long time, this was an accident waiting to happen. The larger the debt, the more likely some of it will fail and when sufficiently much of it does it will ripple throughout the whole economy. A debt that took decades to build up will take several years to unwind.
There is a moral aspect of fractional reserve banking too that is easily explained by an example: Assume you have a valuable painting. In order to keep it safe, you hand the painting over to a painting storage who is allowed to put it on display in return for storing it. However, what this person does in addition to displaying your painting, is to make 11 copies of it. For the sake of argument the copies are identical to your original. The copies are then sold to others who are not aware that they are copies. In a couple of years, you watch an ad in the paper that your painting is sold to a significantly lower price from what you bought it for. If you knew in advance, would you still use the same the painting storage? This is essentially what happens in a fractional reserve banking system, and most people still happily deposit their money in banks! In any other case apart from banking this would be considered as fraud.
The present banking system (and it works the same way all over the globe) requires banks to keep only a fraction of their clients deposit. The rest of the deposits they are free to lend to others. The Swedish regulatory reserve requirement for banks is 8%, in the US it is 10%. Mathematically, it is possible to show using an infinite geometrical sum that the money supply increases by (1-0.08)/0.08 = 11.5, that is an increase by 11.5 times the original money supply! This is not so much a financial problem as a moral one since it makes money lose its value, and it works quite well as long as people pay their mortgage and credit card debts. But what happens when someone has taken on too much debt and is unable to pay it back? This is money that the bank assumed it had so it is accounted to its full value in the bank's balance sheet. In a bankruptcy the lender must write down some or all of the mortgage. What is worse, since the bank needs to maintain its reserve requirements of 8%, it now has to reduce its outstanding debt by another 11.5 times the failed loan value. The reason for this is that the failed loan of course is taken from the bank's reserves. In other words, a failed loan of 1000 SEK results in a reduced money supply of 1000 SEK + 11 500 SEK = 12 500 SEK. Considering that both consumer and corporate debt has risen for a long time, this was an accident waiting to happen. The larger the debt, the more likely some of it will fail and when sufficiently much of it does it will ripple throughout the whole economy. A debt that took decades to build up will take several years to unwind.
There is a moral aspect of fractional reserve banking too that is easily explained by an example: Assume you have a valuable painting. In order to keep it safe, you hand the painting over to a painting storage who is allowed to put it on display in return for storing it. However, what this person does in addition to displaying your painting, is to make 11 copies of it. For the sake of argument the copies are identical to your original. The copies are then sold to others who are not aware that they are copies. In a couple of years, you watch an ad in the paper that your painting is sold to a significantly lower price from what you bought it for. If you knew in advance, would you still use the same the painting storage? This is essentially what happens in a fractional reserve banking system, and most people still happily deposit their money in banks! In any other case apart from banking this would be considered as fraud.
October 08, 2009
Latvia vs Sweden
Lately the Swedish government has expressed strong opinions about the Latvian budget, more specifically the reductions in its planned spending cuts. Latvia is way over its head in debt, both its government and its citizens.Most of that debt is provided by Swedish banks, in particular Swedbank and SEB.
Last Monday MarketWatch wrote that Reuters reported that Latvia Prime Minister Valdis Dombrovskis had asked the state chancellery legal department to prepare amendments that would limit a borrower's "liability to a lender connected with the purchase of a sole home is limited to the value of the collateral" rather than the value of the entire loan. In other words, if house prices falls no-one would have to pay a rents on a mortgage that is larger than the present value of the house.
These kinds of populist ideas always have unforeseen effects that the person presenting them always disregard. If I as a lender can't trust the government in the country where I lend my money to defend my property, the risk for me increases and for that I want compensation by charging higher interest rates. In economics terms this represents a shift upwards in the supply curve, i.e, the supply of money at a certain price (interest rate) decreases.
A professor of mine once said that Some people God punishes immediately, although in a completely different context. In Latvia's case the punishment came after two days when Latvia received no bids for one of three government debt securities it tried to sell at an auction, the NASDAQ OMX Riga exchange said as reported by MarketWatch. A further consequence is that even more auctions will be canceled since they were depending to the failed one.
If you are our of your own money and you can't attract money there is really only one thing to do and that is start printing new ones. I think Latvia will be forced to leave its peg to the Euro and with failed debt auctions it may be sooner rather than later.
Last Monday MarketWatch wrote that Reuters reported that Latvia Prime Minister Valdis Dombrovskis had asked the state chancellery legal department to prepare amendments that would limit a borrower's "liability to a lender connected with the purchase of a sole home is limited to the value of the collateral" rather than the value of the entire loan. In other words, if house prices falls no-one would have to pay a rents on a mortgage that is larger than the present value of the house.
These kinds of populist ideas always have unforeseen effects that the person presenting them always disregard. If I as a lender can't trust the government in the country where I lend my money to defend my property, the risk for me increases and for that I want compensation by charging higher interest rates. In economics terms this represents a shift upwards in the supply curve, i.e, the supply of money at a certain price (interest rate) decreases.
A professor of mine once said that Some people God punishes immediately, although in a completely different context. In Latvia's case the punishment came after two days when Latvia received no bids for one of three government debt securities it tried to sell at an auction, the NASDAQ OMX Riga exchange said as reported by MarketWatch. A further consequence is that even more auctions will be canceled since they were depending to the failed one.
If you are our of your own money and you can't attract money there is really only one thing to do and that is start printing new ones. I think Latvia will be forced to leave its peg to the Euro and with failed debt auctions it may be sooner rather than later.
October 02, 2009
High Yield Bonds plunge
One parameter that is crucial for the direction of the markets is the cost of borrowing for companies. One suitable proxy for this is the iShares High Yield Corporate Bond ETF (HYG) that is traded on NYSE. Although not annotated in terms of Elliott waves the above picture presents what is the single largest one day drop since March. The drop in HYG yesterday implies higher interest rates for companies that need to borrow and is a break of confidence from their lenders.
October 01, 2009
USD/SEK - The Big Picture

The main reason for why the Swedish stock market bottomed in November 2008 instead of March 2009 when e.g. DJIA and S&P 500 bottomed is the USD/SEK exchange rate. In the 3 quarters spanning July '08 to March '09 the krona depreciated by approximately 50%. Consequently, including currency effects, SWE30 could be seen to have bottomed in early March 2009 instead of November 2008. Nevertheless, also the krona stands at a crossroads judging by the Elliott wave pattern it is exhibiting. A brief recapitulation of the USD/SEK ratio in the new millennium shows that following the dotcom bubble the krona has apreciated significantly until April 2008. It is also evident that it is a 3 wave reactionary move. From mid 2008 until March 2009 an impulse like Primary wave <1> followed, in turn followed by a corrective, three waves Primary wave <2>. At present it is of particular interest to identify the ending pattern in Intermediary wave (C) since it may be an ending diagonal (orange lines). Ending diagonals usually promise swift reversals at least to the start of the diagonal, in this case the end of Intermediary wave (B). Taking into consideration that the following wave is Primary wave <3>, a long term target is significantly above <1>.
As can be seen in the plot above, the Elliott wave pattern shows that the bottom of Primary wave <2> is finished and that the krona will depreciate severely from this point forward. Similarly as for SWE30, it is a Primary wave <3> that may be in its initial stage so buckle up for a rough ride!
The reason why I use USD/SEK instead of EUR/SEK is that the two plots are essentially presenting the same pattern, but since Sweden can be considered to be like Europe x 1.5 in relation to the US, I believe USD/SEK will present the clearest Elliot wave pattern and also the best trading opportunities.
OMX Stockholm 30 - The Big Picture

When is the best time to initialize a blog focusing on the stock market? Of course it is before a major unexpected move in order to be able to say "I told you so!" and be able to prove it! My aim is to present Elliott wave analysis. A reasonable first posting would be to briefly describe Elliott wave analysis. However, no need to reinvent the wheel and for that reason I refer the Elliott wave novice to any of the excellent tutorials that exist at www.elliottwave.com.
Having relieved myself of a detailed description of the underlying theory, let's jump right to an example. Below the daily graph of the OMX Stockholm 30 index, or SWE30 as I will denote it. The plot displays data from the Cycle degree wave b in summer 2007 to present day. From b, SWE30 declined until November 2008. I have annotated the decline according to Elliott wave as Primary wave <1>. Each Primary wave is partitioned into Intermediary waves (1)-(5) and each Intermediary wave is partitioned into Minor waves 1-5 as can be seen in the plot. From November and onwards SWE30 has moved first upwards in wave (A), then sideways in wave (B) and from March 2009 solidly upwards in wave (C).
What is so interesting with this plot is the position in the Elliott count that we are at right now at what appears to be a major shift in the trend. Elliott waves are by no means bullet proof, but a means to identify the most likely continuation of an existing pattern. Right now that most likely continuation, according to the presented count, is downwards. Furthermore, an Elliott wave practitioner knows that wave 3 is most often the most dramatic wave with the largest move. On a scale as high as Primary wave <3> it is definitely not a time to be long in any stock.
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