November 27, 2009

Gold's role as safety hedge

Gold has been soaring almost uninterrupted for five months now. As has essentially everything else. During that time the worries in the financial sectors have been dominated by imagined inflation due to supposed central bank money printing. Today, when the Dubai World coming default is all over the news, gold has its largest three hour fall for at least a year, down $52. What's wrong with this picture? Actually, nothing is wrong.

I believe that gold is the purest form of money for five reasons:
  • Gold is durable
  • Gold is divisible
  • Gold is scarce
  • Gold is homogenous
  • Gold is convenient
However, in a credit based economy, where debts are settled in USD, EUR, JPY, GBP, AUD, CHF or SEK, gold will lose its function as money when defaults rise and money runs scarce. Yesterday reignited the credit crisis worries anew and today gold falls despite credit worries. It is actually quite natural for a commodity that has rallied together with everything else during the party that has lasted since March. When the debts needs to be settled you need the kind of money that defines the debt. Right now that is USD (and to some degree JPY) and for that reason USD will become scarce and rise relative all other assets. It also means that stocks will fall, commodities will fall, and other currencies will fall. Unfortunately for you, should you be long these.

I also believe that there will come a day when governments will start to monetized debt simply for the reason that it will be the only option that the public will accept since they don't understand its consequences. That will cause hyperinflation in the end, and bundle off paper money to where it belongs - in the waste-paper basket. But we are far from that now so for now we focus on deflation i.e., the destruction of credit.

November 26, 2009

A count for a possible Dollar Index bottom



This is my count for calling a bottom in the Dollar Index today. Note that it is updated compared to previous postings. Essentially, the new count implies a 5th wave ending diagonal starting in July.

Since an ending diagonal subdivides in threes instead of fives this count can be considered as complete also on a higher resolution.

Nonscientific rationale for today's drop

It is well known that major trend changes in the market sometimes occurs at the release of major news items. An Ending Diagonal in Elliott Wave analysis is a typical pattern resulting from that and represents a final crescendo or blow off in the markets. However, I have also noticed that major events in the markets tend to occur on major holidays. Today could be such an event due to the US Thanksgiving weekend. Somehow I don't think it is all a coincidence but rather the markets way of inflicting maximum pain to its participants. After all, when is a better time to solidly reverse course but when 1/3 of the investors are unable to react? Just a thought...

AUDUSD leads the way

The currency play is key to the markets future behaviour. Among all the currencies six are included in the Dollar Index, the Euro, Yen, Pound, Australian and Canadian Dollars and the Swedish Krona. Among these the most profitable carry trade is between the AUD and the USD meaning that you borrow in USD and buy bonds in the AUD. The reason is simply that the Australian bonds are paying the highest interest with a Reserve Bank of Australia cash interest rate of 3.5% contrary to the US federal funds rates of 0-0.25%. Leveraging your investment by 10 means that you have a nice little profit of >30% annually, discounting any exchange rate changes.

Being the most profitable carry trade also means that it is the leading trade, since this is where the worst distortion has taken place. Hence, this is also the pair that is most sensitive to any corrections and the trade where no-one wants to be left behind when it's time to get out. The plot below presents the AUDUSD pair (red) together with the EURUSD pair (green). Axes are referred to EURUSD valuation. AUDUSD has traced down a fine five waves down three waves correction pattern since it peaked on November 16th. The EURUSD is following in the AUDUSD's lead and quite likely, peaked today. If this is the case it means that stock market peaks as presented in a previous post will hold since a large degree of the stock market rally also stems from cheap borrowing of USDs.

November 24, 2009

Four peak indications

There are a few fundamental signs that a top may be in, or will be in the near future:

1) Yesterday DJIA made a new 13 month high. But the wider S&P 500 or the Nasdaq Composites did not follow, and neither did several of the secondary indices. Here follows a list of a few of the indices that I follow and their respective post March peak dates.

Index                   Peak Date

DJIA                      23/11
Nasdaq Comp               16/11
S&P 500                   16/11
DJ Euro Stoxx 50          20/10
S&P Mid Cap 400           20/10
DJ Euro Stoxx Bank Index  15/10
KBW Bank Index            14/10
DJ Transportation Index   17/9


All in all this does not paint the picture of a healthy market but rather a very fragile state where everything apart from the largest, most solid companies have started to fall back. Put another way, riskier assets are being replaced by safer ones, and a continued risk appetite is vital for the continued well being of the rally.

2) Relative Strength Index (RSI) of the main indices have failed to show the strength that is desirable for a continued rally, see plot below for DJIA RSI. The subsequent RSI peaks from early August and onwards all show less strength than the previous one, implying again a reduced strength during rally periods as presented by the blue line in the RSI plot.


3) Volumes are reduced significantly over the last couple of days as presented in the plot above for DJIA. Decreased volumes (red line in the volume plot) shows lack of comittment from the stock market with respect to the peak valuation that is present.

4) The CBOE Put/Call ratio is down to 0.66, i.e., for every 2 put (sell) options being issued, 3 call (buy) options are issued as well. This is a typical behaviour found at stock market peaks.

None of these four items prove that the peak in the markets is in for now, but combined they present a strong case. If it has not already occurred, then most likely it will in the near future.

November 18, 2009

11 punkter om världsekonomin (in Swedish)

Jag har försökt att sammanfatta hur jag ser på händelseförloppet i världsekonomin, vad som har hänt och vad som komma skall. Framtiden får utvisa om det är mellan tummen och pekfingret rätt eller rent åt pepparn!

1) I grund och botten är det ett banksystem som är inbyggt korrupt och instabilt. Det kallas för Fractional Reserve Banking och innebär att banker kan trycka pengar själva eftersom de inte behöver ha full säkerhet på sina åtaganden. Sedlar och mynt utgör därför bara ca 10% av alla pengar som finns i omlopp, resten är skulder eller krediter som bankerna ställer ut med insatta pengar som säkerhet.

2) Under de senaste 10 åren (minst) har lånekostnaden varit lika med noll pga centralbankernas räntepolitik efter dotcom-bubblan. Samtidigt så har vissa regeringar eller banker i Europa underlättat för medborgare att förköpa sig med lånade pengar. Det handlar om rejält kapitalintensiva prylar som hus och bilar. Man kan likna det vid att man tidigarelägger framtida konsumtion till idag, eller att man lånar från framtiden.

3) Nu är framtiden här och folk kan inte betala sina lån. Självklart kan man inte fortsätta att långa från framtiden om man inte kan betala det man redan har lånat. Således så går konsumtionen ner och företag står med outnyttjade resurser. Banker som har fattat dåliga beslut om vem man lånar ut till, och som borde tillåtas gå i konkurs, räddas med statliga och lånade pengar. Effekten blir att även bra banker får det svårare. Inte bara finns det fler banker, några av dem är dessutom statligt kontrollerade och att konkurrera med staten är oftast en dålig idé.

4) När folk eller företag inte kan betala sina lån så drabbas bankernas balansräkning. Har banken dessutom en hävstång på 10 ggr vilket är tillåtet så innebär det att marginalerna är väldigt små när det gäller förfallna lån jämfört med bankernas totala balansräkning. Inte nog med att bankerna blir konkursmässiga, effekten blir också att mängden pengar minskar, då banker tvingas att minska utlåningen när deras balansräkning minskar.

5) Staterna ökar på sina skulder på ett sätt som saknar motstycke i historien. USA passerade just 12 biljoner dollar. (På svenska heter det biljoner och på engelska trillions.) Frågan som alla vill ha svar på är hur länge det kan fortsätta och vad som händer sedan. Allt annat lika så innebär en ökad skuldbörda en större risk för betalningsinställelse och därmed högre räntor. Å andra sidan betraktas fortfarande statsskulder som en säker tillflyktsort i tider av oro.

6) Stater har även ökat på skuldbördan genom olika stimulanspaket. Det kan man inte hålla på med i all evighet och när effekterna av stimulanserna avtar så rasar den globala ekonomin igen. För hur troligt är det att en ekonomi med hög arbetslöshet klarar av att växa när inte ens en ekonomi med låg arbetslöshet klarade det?

7) Kortsiktigt så kommer därför statsobligationer att kunna öka i värde när ekonomin börjar falla igen precis som de tjänade som tillflyktort för riskaverta placerare under vintern 2008/2009.

8) Långsiktigt så är det troliga utfallet att många stater kommer att köra sina ekonomier i botten så till den grad att förtroendet för deras skulder försvinner eller åtminstone kommer att kräva en större riskpremie än vad som nu är fallet. Detta är vad Keynes förespråkar att man ska göra för att komma ur en kris som denna och det är vad Japan har gjort under drygt 20 år utan att lyckas. Det är omöjligt att ta sig ur en lånebubbla genom att ta mer lån. Det är självklart för de flesta privatpersoner när det handlar om deras egen ekonomi men så svårt för ekonomer att förstå när det rör sig om staters ekonomi.

9) Frågan är var det är värst ställt eller var det först brakar ihop. USA är illa, Storbritannien likaså, men Japan tar nog priset. En liten förvarning om att så är fallet kan vara att kostnaden för CDSer på japanska 5-årsobligationer efter valet har ökat från 35 till 63 punkter, nästan 3 ggr dyrare än motsvarande för Frankrike, Tyskland och USA vilka alla ligger på 21-22 punkter. Den japanska statsskulden har tillåtits att öka till obefintliga kostnader på grund av ett stort inhemskt sparande. Detta sparande är dock på upphällningen eftersom den sparande arbetande generationen från efterkrigstiden snart går i pension och därmed slutar att spara. På grund av låg nativitet så finns det ingen som kan ta över den generationens sparande, varpå räntorna kommer att stiga från dagens extremt låga nivåer. För ett land som har en statskuld på 218% av BNP 2009 (och som beräknas vara 246% 2014) innebär det med stor sannolikhet att Japan kommer att ställa in betalningarna på sina lån någon gång i framtiden. Dock, som alltid, så är det timingen som är det svåra.

10) De som påstår att ovanstående kan stater lätt undvika genom att trycka pengar och därigenom monetärisera sina skulder bortser ifrån en del faktorer. Till exempel är obligationsmarknaden ca 25 gången större än den samlade penningmängden. Att börja trycka pengar i allför stor omfattning (vilket krävs för att kunna påverka systemet) innebär att värdet på obligationerna kommer att rasa i botten. Eftersom obligationer inte är något annat än en skuld, ofta till en bank, så innebär ökande räntor eller sjunkande obligationspriser minskade balansräkningar och således minskad kreditgivning vilket med ett annat ord är deflation.

11) Ovanstående resonemang besvarar därmed också frågan om deflation eller inflation är den stora risken i dagens ekonomi. Vi har deflation via kreditåtstramningar och paradoxalt nog om vi försöker att trycka pengar så blir det mer deflation!

November 17, 2009

Dollar Index Channeling

In Elliott Wave analysis channeling is an important concept since it helps the analyst in defining trend changes or reversals. I have used channeling to describe the situation in the dollar index as presented below.

The dollar index has moved in a channel since its peak in March 2009. This channel is presented with blue lines in the plot. Elliott Wave analysis often allows for a trend to be contained within a channel, the slope of which is defined by the tangent touching waves 1 and 3, and the width defined by a parallel line through wave 2. A change in the trend is first indicated by a solid break of this channel something that may be near at hand.

In addition, from early June, another channel, presented by red lines, has formed in wave 5, and is defined by sub-waves <i>, <ii> and <iii>. Also this channel will eventually be broken when a change in trend occurs. However, wave 5 may be even more tightly defined in that it also is an ending diagonal defined by the lower red line and the yellow line.

The count presented in the plot assumes that wave 5 and hence wave (C) and wave <2> has ended. Elliott Wave analysis is an iterative process and quite possibly wave 5 is not finished yet. This is where channeling comes into place, since a strong indicator that wave 5 really is finished is the breaking of the channels as described above, or a blow-off which is quite often the finale of an ending diagonal.

November 13, 2009

Gold update


Last week I predicted that the peak in gold would be near. Today I claim that gold peaked at 1122.78 in the forex cash price. The reason for that is the pattern that has followed the peak, in particular the attempt to retake the all time high. In the chart above I have annotated the Elliott count from the peak until now. It is clear that it is possible to count the fall from the peak as five waves down. and from the last bottom it is also possible to count an A-B-C correction. In the correction the (b) wave is found to be a triangle and that is important, since triangles always appear in the wave before the final wave within the wave of the higher scale. Elliott often allows for varying interpretations, but this time the interpretation is quite clear since the (b) wave is a triangle, and as such is followed by a (c) wave. Hence, the most recent rise must be a three wave rise which means a corrective wave in a larger down-trending pattern. I also have added the Fibonacci relation between the top and bottom, and there it is evident that gold has risen almost to the 76.4% retracement level. Nothing is by all means certain, but at this level it is possible to short gold with a limited risk by adding a stop loss at either slightly above Fibonacci 76.4% or, preferably, above the previous peak at 1122.78. The risk in this trade is approximately $7 (present prise is 1115.75) to be compared to the reward in our long term target in gold at below $680, a risk reward ratio of roughly 63!

November 08, 2009

The Psychology of Elliott Waves

The fundamental concept of Elliott Wave analysis is that within a trend there is always a countertrend. R.N. Elliott noticed that stocks often moved in actionary waves along the trend and reactionary waves against the trend. Actionary waves are divided into five sub-waves (1-2-3-4-5) and reactionary waves into three sub-waves (A-B-C). I will try to explain why the five and three waves, respectively, are reasonable from a psychological point of view.

Every trend starts with the end of another trend, the previous one moving in the opposite direction. Maybe not all, but let's assume that is the case. In that case, at the beginning of wave 1, the vast majority is convinced that the previous trend is still valid and although prices moves against the trend the psychological state of the majority assumes that it will resume shortly. For that reason few people if any believes in wave 1 and are not eager to invest accordingly. Consequently, wave 1 is not an aggressive wave. Wave 2 will act as confirmation that the psychological state of the vast majority, that the previous trend is in fact still intact. For that reason wave 2 will retrace most of wave 1, and psychological sentiment returns to the state which dominated at the end of the previous trend. Wave 3 is when most people change their psychological state and realizes that in fact there is a change in trend. For that reason wave 3 is most often the most aggressive wave, in which the largest part of the movement occurs. Wave 4 usually moves sideways (contrary to wave 2) and can be interpreted as instruments need a break after a very intensive price move, before prices resume their movement. It also forebodes the eventual end of the trend although the psychological state remains at a large level. Wave 5 acts as confirmation of the trend and now even the last few skeptical people change their psychological state to align with the majority. At the end of wave 5 the result is again a homogenous investor collective that is totally and utterly convinced that prices only can go one way, and naturally invested accordingly. In other words, there are no investors left to follow and feed the trend. That's when prices start to reverse.

Correspondingly, one can make the same  interpretation for the reactionary waves. Wave A is seen as a temporary correction in the main trend, and is consequently usually weak, and psychological sentiment remains unchanged. Wave B is seen as a confirmation that the actionary trend of one higher degree is in fact intact but prices fail to confirm that is the case since most often wave B does not recover all of wave A. Wave C is similar to wave 3 and its purpose is similar, to change the psychological sentiment. At the end of the reaction, weakened psychological sentiment is again allowing for prices to resume in the direction of the trend.

November 03, 2009

Gold may have peaked, or will peak below 1127

From the peak a year and a half ago, Gold's progress has been indecisive to say the least. In the last couple of weeks gold has made new highs which have awoken some gold bulls. However, no trend (or luck) lasts forever and Gold is likely running out of gas. Below I have a plot of Gold together with its most likely Elliott Wave count.

One rule of Elliott Wave analysis states that the 3rd wave in a motive wave (a movement in the trend direction) may never be the shortest. As it stands right now, Gold is making a new high in a fifth wave, but what is more important, wave 3 is shorter than wave 1. Consequently, in order for the Elliott rule to hold, wave 5 must be shorter than wave 3 which means that wave 5 must finish lower than 1127. The only catch with the above is that is is calculated on a logarithmic scale. For a linear scale wave 3 is actually slightly larger than wave 1 and hence no accurate upper bound can be found with the above Elliott rule.


However, considering the smaller scales in the 1 hour resolution it is evident that Gold may in fact already have topped! Wave 5 plays out as an Ending Diagonal Elliott Wave pattern where wave presents a real blow off! The implications from the Ending Diagonal (if that pattern is in fact correct) on the price of Gold is that we can expect a swift reverse in trend, most likely at least to the beginning of the Ending Diagonal which is at the end of wave 4 at 1026.10, but possibly lower. Considering that it would be an end of a much larger wave too the long term target for Gold is < 700. Also for this forecast there is a catch, and that is that Ending Diagonals are extremely rare patterns and usually each wave divides in threes. This is not entirely true in the plot above why the prudent investor awaits the price to cross the lower diagonal line before taking a position.

November 02, 2009

Dollar Index Short Term Perspective

According to Elliott Wave Analysis there are two possible outcomes in the short term. Both of them imply higher prices to come eventually, one implies that the rise has already started whereas the other implies that an excellent buying opportunity could arise in the coming days.

The dollar bottom for at least a few months, most likely a year, occurred at 75.08 on the 21st of October. From that period the dollar has risen in a five wave fashion in wave to 76.74 on the 29th of October as shown in the plot. From the peak, a retraction has occurred and the question is whether the retraction is finished, in which case we could expect a forceful rally in wave , or not. My primary alternative shows the retractionary wave as being finished whereas my alternative count shows wave to end somewhere around the Fibonacci 61.8% retracement of wave which is located at 75.71. The pivot stands at 76.08 below which my primary count would be invalidated to the advantage of my alternative count.